92 CADERNOS DE ANÁLISE E PROSPETIVA CULTIVAR N.º 30 ABRIL 2024 – Melhoramento e técnicas genómicas Microsatellite: a short segment of DNA, usually one to six or more base pairs in length, that is repeated in tandem at a particular genomic location. Mitochondrial DNA/mitogenome: the circular chromosome found inside the cellular organelles called mitochondria, located in the cytoplasm, inherited from the mother. Pangenome: a collection of reference genome sequences deriving from several individuals which together capture significantly more population diversity than a single reference genome. Phylochronology: the study of populations in space and time using phylogenetic and population genetics methods. Quantitative trait loci: genetic regions that influence phenotypic variation of a complex trait, often through genetic interactions with each other and the environment. Reference allele-bias: the alignment of high-throughput sequencing reads to a reference genome can introduce a bias, as variants carrying the same allele as the reference will have higher mapping scores, this can cause missing alternative alleles or calling heterozygous sites as homozygous. Selective sweep: a process by which a new advantageous (or artificially selected) genetic variant eliminates or reduces variation in linked neutral sites as it increases in frequency in the population. Recombination: a process in which pairs of chromosomes swap DNA with one another during gamete formation, and thus a source of genetic variation. References Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo, Paul J. Boettcher, Licia Colli, Catarina Ginja, Juha Kantanen, and Johannes A. Lenstra, eds. 2023. Genomic Characterization of Animal Genetic Resources. Genomic Characterization of Animal Genetic Resources. Rome: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ cc3079en. Andersson, Leif, and Michael Purugganan. 2022. “Molecular Genetic Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (30). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2122150119. Bruford, M W, C Ginja, I Hoffmann, S Joost, P Orozco-terWengell, F J Alberto, A J Amaral, et al. 2015. “Prospects and Challenges for the Conservation of Farm Animal Genomic Resources, 2015-2025.” Frontiers in Genetics 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00314 Crysnanto, Danang, Alexander S. Leonard, Zih-Hua Fang, and Hubert Pausch. 2021. “Novel Functional Sequences Uncovered through a Bovine Multiassembly Graph.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (20). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101056118. Fonseca, Rute R. Da, Irene Ureña, Sandra Afonso, Ana Elisabete Pires, Emil Jørsboe, Lounès Chikhi, and Catarina Ginja. 2019. “Consequences of Breed Formation on Patterns of Genomic Diversity and Differentiation: The Case of Highly Diverse Peripheral Iberian Cattle.” BMC Genomics 20 (1): 334. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864019-5685-2. Forster, E. S., and Edward H. Heffner. 1954. Columella. On Agriculture, Volume II: Books 5-9. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press. https://www.loebclassics. com/view/LCL407/1954/volume.xml. Gaspar, Daniel, Ana Usié, Célia Leão, Sílvia Guimarães, Ana Elisabete Pires, Claudino Matos, António Marcos Ramos, and Catarina Ginja. 2023. “Genome- -Wide Assessment of the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Four Portuguese Native Sheep Breeds.” Frontiers in Genetics 14 (January). https://doi. org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1109490. Ginja, C., L.T. Gama, O. Cortés, I.M. Burriel, J.L. Vega-Pla, C. Penedo, P. Sponenberg, et al. 2020. “Author Correction: The Genetic Ancestry of American Creole Cattle Inferred from Uniparental and Autosomal Genetic Markers (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (11486), 10.1038/ S41598-019-47636-0).” Scientific Reports 10 (1). https:// doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73066-4. Ginja, Catarina, Silvia Guimarães, Rute R. da Fonseca, Rita Rasteiro, Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela, Luciana G. Simões, Cindy Sarmento, et al. 2023. “Iron Age Genomic Data from Althiburos – Tunisia Renew the Debate on the Origins of African Taurine Cattle.” IScience 26 (7). https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107196. Klein, Julius. 1920. The Mesta: A Study in Spanish Economic History, 1273-1836. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press. http://www.archive.org/details/mestastudyinspan00kleiuoft. Rouse, J E. 1977. The Criollo: Spanish Cattle in the Americas. U.S.A.: NORMAN, University of Oklahoma Press.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTgxOTE4Nw==