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Editorial 11 attention to methodological issues that must be taken into account, particularly in atypical years like 2020 when a consistent interpretation of data is not clear: higher consumption and exports and lower imports of food on the one hand and lower output on the other. Cultivar issue 11 – Population and rural areas. March 2018, p. 95 12 The transition from a rural farming society to an increasingly urban one occurred rapidly in Portugal, often without due assimilation. Discussing “rural” issues requires an integrated approach to various sectoral policies, while acknowledging not only the social dynamics at play, but also the often labyrin- thine edifice of land-use planning instruments. Wrapping up the Observatory, Rui Trindade and Manuel Loureiro use the national statistics office 12 https://www.gpp.pt/images/GPP/O_que_disponibilizamos/Publicacoes/CULTIVAR_11/#page=96 13 https://www.gpp.pt/images/GPP/O_que_disponibilizamos/Publicacoes/CULTIVAR_21/Cultivar_21_Sistemas_Agroflorestais.pdf data to map the main variables in the changes experienced in recent decades in the country’s demographic structure with a special focus on rural municipalities. Section III – Reviews Cultivar issue 21 – Agroforestry systems. December 2020, p. 95 13 Given space constraints, we have chosen just one of our many reviews over the years of documents and books. Our choice is Orlando Ribeiro’s classic work Portugal, o Mediterrâneo e o Atlântico [Portugal, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic], once again because we feel that though written in 1945 (but continually revised and extended by the author) this “Sketch of geographical relations” continues to present an accurate portrait of Portugal’s geography and terri- tory by one of its greatest geography reformers. Artur Pastor (1956), Ministry of Agriculture collection Slide: removing dead tissue from the trunk of a fig tree, Loulé, Portugal