cultivar_22_Final_EN

98 ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES CULTIVAR Issue 22 APRIL 2021 (-7.9%) and wine 8 (-5%), given that prices rose 2.3%, particularly for fruits (7.6%). • Animal output in particular fell in value (-1.1%) as a result of lower prices (-1.8%), namely implicit prices for cattle (-3.1%), pig (-1.2%) and poultry (-2.5%) production, while volume was slightly up (0.6%). The lat- ter rise was due to higher cattle (6.6%) and milk (1.5%) output which offset the decline in pig (-2.2%), poultry (-1.2%) and sheep and goat (-10%) output. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected animal output, given the decreasing restaurant demand. However, this effect was somewhat mitigated by increasing exports of live animals. 8 Specifically, wine output declined in volume (-5.0%), alongside the drop in the production of wine grapes. 9 Three-year averages were used to analyse this evolution. 10 Agricultural industrialisation is a phenomenon that already dates back several years. In highly integrated sectors, such as wine, olive oil and meat, where farmers are also processors of agricultural products, the allocation of producer prices is complex and arbitrary. More recently, there has been greater integration in the fruit and vegetable sector. Furthermore, the allocation of some costs raises problems, generally leading to a diminution of the primary sector. For example, the value of wine and olive oil are based on wine “after pressing”, but the costs associated with bottles, labels and marketing are booked under the agricultural sector as they are borne by agricultural cooperatives. The structure of intermediate consumption is characterised by the predominance of the com- ponents of animal feed (43.4%), other goods and services (24%), and energy and lubricants (7.3%). In the last decade, animal feed has lost ground (-5.6 p.p.) to other goods and services (+3.9 p.p.) and the maintenance and repair of materials and tools (+1.6 p.p.). In 2010–2020, 9 intermediate consumption grew by an annual average of 3.4% in value due above all to higher volume of intermediate consumption in farming (2.8% per year), in particular purchases of other goods and services (5.4% per year), 10 the sec- ond largest component in the structure of interme- diate consumption after animal feed, maintenance and repair of materials and tools (11.6% per year), P = Provisional values Source : GPP, from the EAA (Base 2016), INE Data last updated: 28 February 2020 Table 9 – Structure of intermediate consumption and respective changes (%) Structure of Intermediate consumption (%) Average annual growth rate - average 1999/01 and average 2018/20P (%) Average annual growth rate - average 2009/11 and average 2018/20P (%) Rate of change 2019P-2020P (%) average 2009/2011 average 2018/2020P Change (p.p.) Volume Price Value Volume Price Value Volume Price Value Total 100,0 100,0 1,2 1,2 2,5 2,8 0,6 3,4 -0,1 0,6 0,5 Seeds and plants 3,5 3,4 -0,1 -0,1 0,5 0,3 2,0 1,0 3,0 0,0 0,4 0,4 Energy and lubricants 7,6 7,3 -0,3 1,3 3,4 4,8 0,5 2,3 2,8 1,0 -7,1 -6,1 Fertilisers and soil conditioners 4,8 4,3 -0,5 -0,7 3,0 2,4 1,4 0,4 1,8 7,6 -3,9 3,4 Plant protection products 3,1 3,3 0,2 1,1 2,3 3,5 0,9 3,1 4,1 7,6 2,9 10,7 Veterinary expenses 0,6 0,7 0,2 3,2 1,6 4,9 7,0 0,3 7,3 0,5 1,7 2,2 Animal feed 48,9 43,4 -5,6 0,3 1,4 1,7 1,3 0,2 1,6 0,5 1,5 2,0 Maintenance and repair of equip- ment and tools 2,7 4,3 1,6 3,0 1,4 4,4 11,6 -1,0 10,4 1,6 0,9 2,5 Maintenance and repair of farm buildings and other structures 3,2 3,5 0,2 3,6 0,1 3,8 6,8 -2,3 4,3 0,0 2,1 2,1 Agricultural Services 3,7 4,4 0,7 4,5 1,7 6,2 5,5 0,5 6,0 0,0 5,8 5,9 Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) 1,7 1,4 -0,3 0,2 1,4 1,6 -2,4 2,5 0,1 -5,2 6,5 1,0 Other goods and services 20,2 24,0 3,9 3,2 -0,4 2,8 5,4 0,6 6,0 -4,0 0,5 -3,5